2019年上海市长宁区居民健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Analysis on the status of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Changning District of Shanghai,2019

【目的】分析上海市长宁区居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为制定卫生政策和干预措施提供依据。【方法】采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取长宁区15~69岁常住居民1760人进行问卷调查。单因素分析采用χ2检验,多因素分析采用logistic回归方法。【结果】2019年长宁区居民总体健康素养水平为29.1%,具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能等3方面素养的比例分别为40.4%、26.1%、31.5%;具备6类健康问题素养的比例由高到低分别为科学健康观61.3%、安全与急救59.4%、健康信息46.7%、慢性病防治32.5%、基本医疗26.3%、传染病防治25.2%。各类人群细化分析时,各类健康素养的顺位与人群总体一致。多因素分析显示年龄、户籍是影响健康素养的因素。【结论】健康生活方式与行为、慢性病防治、基本医疗和传染病防治素养是长宁区居民的薄弱方面。非本地户籍的居民是健康素养的薄弱人群。今后应根据影响因素的分析结果在居民中针对重点人群、薄弱问题加强宣教并开展健康干预,通过多元化手段不断提升长宁区居民的健康素养水平。

[Objective]To determine the levels of health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Changning District of Shanghai,and to provide evidence for the establishment of public health policy and intervention measures.[Methods]A total of 1760 subjects,ranging from 15 to 69 years,were selected by using a multi-stage stratified sampling for a questionnaire survey.Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.[Results]In 2019,the overall health literacy level of residents was 29.1%in Changning District.The proportions of the subjects with basic knowledge and awareness,healthy lifestyle and behavior,and basic health skills were 40.4%,26.1%and 31.5%,respectively.In the sex dimensions of health literacy,the percentage of respondents with scientific health perception(61.3%)ranked the top,followed by safety and first-aid(59.4%),health information(46.7%),chronic disease prevention(32.5%),basic medical care(26.3%)and infectious disease prevention(25.2%).The ranking sequence of the dimensions remained consistent across the sub-populations stratified by demographics.Multivariate analysis showed that age and registered residence were determined to be associated with health literacy.[Conclusion]Healthy lifestyles and behavior,chronic disease prevention,basic medical care and infectious disease prevention may be weak dimensions in health literacy among residents in Changning District.Non-local registered residents have the lowest health literacy level.Therefore,targeted health education and intervention should be conducted by using multiple methods in the at-risk population to improve the health literacy in Changning District.