综合性康复干预对麻风住院患者后遗残疾的影响

Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation intervention on the disability of leprosy patients

【目的】了解综合性康复干预对麻风治愈患者畸残情况的影响。【方法】选取浙江省5家麻风村中的省级麻风村作为观察组,其他4家麻风村列为对照组,两组间年龄相差≤5岁,残疾指数(眼手足平均残疾)无差异。通过自行设计的问卷调查表对麻风治愈住村患者进行调查,并采用综合性康复干预方法对观察组进行干预,2年后对观察组和对照组的后遗症进行比较。【结果】麻风治愈留院者残疾比重较高。综合性康复干预后,与基线后遗残疾比较,观察组的后遗残疾损害中的红眼、手部皮肤皲裂、足部皮肤皲裂、足溃疡等较基线的下降率分别为61.54%、71.96%、60.41%、52.86%;对照组的后遗残疾损害红眼、手部皮肤皲裂、足部皮肤皲裂、足溃疡较基线分别下降37.5%、58.74%、45.64%、21.43%。两组红眼下降率相比P>0.05,无明显统计学差异;手、足皲裂以及足部溃疡相比P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。【结论】麻风治愈留院患者残疾率高,生存质量普遍较差,应加强综合性干预,以提高生存质量、减少后遗残疾的发生。

[Objective]To determine the deformity in the cured leprosy patients with comprehensive rehabilitation intervention.[Methods]Five leprosy villages in our province were selected as the observation group and the other four leprosy villages as the control group.There was≤5 years in the age difference,and no difference in the disability index(average disability of eyes,hands and feet)between the two groups.We investigated the cured leprosy patients by self-designed questionnaire and implemented the comprehensive rehabilitation intervention for two years.Then the sequelae were compared between the observation group and control group.[Results]The proportion of disability in the leprosy patients who stayed in hospital was higher.After comprehensive rehabilitation,the prevalence of red eye,hand skin wrinkle,foot skin wrinkle and foot ulcer in the observation group decreased by 61.54%,71.96%,60.41%and 52.86%compared with the baseline,respectively.Comparatively,the prevalence of red eye,hand skin rupture,foot skin rupture and foot ulcer in the control group decreased by 37.50%,58.74%,45.64%and 21.43%,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups in red eye(P>0.05),whereas significant difference in hand and foot skin rupture and foot ulcer(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Cured leprosy patients staying in the hospital are likely to have high disability rate and poor quality of life.Comprehensive interventions are recommended to improve their quality of life and reduce the incidence of future disability.