宁夏固原发现的萨珊银币及相关问题研究

On the Sasanid Silver Coins Discovered at Guyuan and Their Related Issues

近来在固原南塬、彭阳海子塬北魏墓相继出土了9枚萨珊银币,可分为卑路斯银币和卡瓦德一世银币两种,检测表明其具有较高的含银量及少量的铜、铅等成分。输入中国境内的卑路斯银币大致可分为两个阶段,第一阶段为5世纪末至6世纪中晚期,为其传播的高峰,第二段为6世纪末至7世纪,属于其传播的尾声。萨珊银币的拥有者大致可以分为皇室贵族、与"丝绸之路"有关的官吏、"丝绸之路"沿线中下层民众、粟特人等西域少数民族或外来民族四类。从北魏至隋唐,固原地区出土的萨珊银币在进入墓葬之前,在功能上也存在由流通货币或宝藏转变为装饰品的趋势。这些萨珊银币的发现,反映了固原在北朝隋唐时期丝绸之路上的重要地位。

Nine Sasanid silver coins have been unearthed from the Northern-Wei dynasty toms at Haiziyuan and Nanyuan in Guyuan.They could be classified into Pirooz coins and Kavad I coins,the compositions of which were comparatively high in silver and low in copper and lead.The introduction of the Pirooz coins into China could be classified into two periods.The first period was from the late fifth century to the middle and late six century,which was the climax of its transmission.The second period was from the late six century to the seven century,which was the end.The owner of Sasanid silver coins include royal elites,officials and other people related to the Silk Routes,Sogdians and other exogenous population.From the Northern Wei dynasty to the Tang dynasty,the silver coins changed from exchange items to decorations.The discovery of the Sasanid silver coins has reflected the importance of the Guyuan region along the Silk Routes.