“×着”在《现代汉语词典》中的处理情况研究

Analyzing the Treatment of“×zhe”in Modern Chinese Dictionary

“着”从最初表示“附着”义的动词,发展成为现代汉语中的常用高频助词。在这一过程中,“着”多黏附在其他词(主要是动词)后,形成“×着”语块,“着”的词汇意义逐渐弱化甚至消失。从类型上看,“×着”语块中既有因为在组合过程中高频共现形成的语法型语块,也有因为“着”的形态义弱化、消失而形成的词汇型语块,还有因语体差异而形成的两两对应、又相互区别的语体型语块。文章以《现代汉语词典》第7版为例,分析通用语文词典对不同类型的“×着”的差异化处理,在此基础上尝试提出优化建议。

“zhe”has developed from a verb meaning“attach to something”into a commonly used auxiliary word in modern Chinese.In this process,the lexical meaning of“zhe”gradually weakens or even disappears.Structurally,it mostly serves as a bound morpheme that follows other words(mainly verbs)to form the“×zhe”construction.Typologically,there exist“×zhe”,a grammatical chunk formed by high frequency co-occurrence,“×zhe”,a lexical chunk formed as a result of the weakened or disappeared morphological meaning of“zhe”,and“×zhe”,a corresponding and different type of chunks based on stylistic differences.Taking the 7th edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary as an example,this article analyses the treatment of different types of“×zhe”in Chinese language dictionaries and puts forward some suggestions for optimization.