基于数据挖掘的清代医家对药露的运用规律探析

The Medicine Law Analysis of Medicated Dew by Doctors in Qing Dynasty Based on Data Mining

目的探究清代医家中药露剂应用规律。方法运用第5版《中华医典》筛选出清代与露剂相关的论述与医案,对含药露方剂中的药物进行名称标准化处理,统计分析药露的四气、五味、归经,应用中医传承计算平台V3.0对方剂中除药露以外的其他药物的四气、五味、归经、功效进行分析,以药露使用频次为依据,对方剂中出现频次最高的3种露剂所在方剂分别通过关联规则、药物关系及聚类分析(k-means算法与回归模型相结合)等进行数据挖掘。结果共纳入263条相关论述与医案,603首方剂,涉及药露79味,共计频次770次,居于前5的分别为枇杷叶露、金银花露、蔷薇露、莲花露、佛手露;制成露剂的中药四气分布以寒最多,平、温次之,五味以甘、苦、辛居多;归经主要在肺,其次在胃、脾、肝、心、肾等。方剂中其他药物的四气、五味及归经分布与药露大致一致,功效以清热最多,其次为补虚、化痰止咳平喘、利水渗湿、解表等。603首方剂中出现频次最高的3种露剂,即枇杷叶露、金银花露、蔷薇露,其所在方剂的关联规则、药物关系及聚类分析结果显示,枇杷叶露与贝母、杏仁、桑叶、竹茹,金银花露与连翘、甘草、犀角、玄参、羚羊角、滑石、石斛、贝母,蔷薇露与甘草、滑石、石斛、桑叶、半夏关联性极高,置信度均为1。结论清代医家所用药露性味多甘寒、归肺经,与所在方剂其他药物的四气、五味、归经、功效相似。

Objective To explore the law of application of medicated dew by doctors in Qing dynasty.Methods Chinese Medical Dictionary(5th edition)was used to screen out the related expositions and medical records,and the names of medicines in prescriptions containing medicated dew were standardized.The four qi,five flavors and meridian tropism of medicated dew were analyzed.With the help of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)inheritance support system V3.0(TCMISS V3.0),the four qi and five flavors,meridian tropism and efficacy of other drugs in the prescriptions except medicated dew were analyzed.Based on the usage frequency of medicated dew,data mining was carried out for the prescriptions of the three kinds of medicated dew with the highest frequency through association rules,drug relationships and clustering analysis(k-means algorithm combined with regression model).Results A total of 263 related expositions and medical records,603 prescriptions were included, involving 79 kinds of medicated dew, with a total frequency of 770 times. Among them, the top five were loquat leaf dew, honeysuckle dew, rose dew, lotus dew and bergamot dew. The distribution of the four qi of the TCM which was made into medicated dew was mostly cold, followed by mild and warm;the five flavors were sweet, bitter and pungent;the meridian tropism was mainly in lung, followed by stomach, spleen, liver, and kidney. The four qi, five flavors and meridian tropism of other drugs in the prescriptions were roughly the same as that in the medicated dew, and the efficacy was mostly heat clearing, followed by tonifying deficiency, eliminating phlegm, relieving cough and asthma, benefiting water infiltration and dampness, and releasing the exterior. Among the 603 prescriptions, the three medicated dews with the highest frequency were loquat leaf dew, honeysuckle dew and rose dew. According to the result of association rules analysis, medicine relationship and clustering analysis, loquat leaf dew with Beimu (Bulbus Fritillaria), Kuxingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Sangye (Mori Folium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis In Taenias), honeysuckle dew with Lianqicio (Forsythiae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma), Xijiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu), Huashi (Talcum), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Beimu (Bulbus Fritillaria), rose dew with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma), Huashi (Talcum), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Sangye (Mori Folium), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) had a high relevance, with confidence level of one. Conclusion Most of the prescriptions used by doctors in Qing dynasty are sweet and cold, belong to lung meridian, and the four qi and five flavors, meridian tropism and efficacy are roughly the same as other drugs in the prescriptionis containing medicated dew.