不动产让与担保法律制度的反思与重塑——基于法律构造说二元融合的视角

The Reflection and Reconstruction of the Real Estate Transferring Guarantee System:An Approach of Binary Integration Based on the Theory of Legal Structure

让与担保制度在理论上有所有权构造说和担保权构造说之分,担保权构造说是从标的物的担保功能进行切入。该说认为设定人无处分权,这与担保物权中抵押人有权处分抵押物之间存在一定的冲突。同时,现有司法政策赋予让与担保优先权,难以在物权法体系内找到其准确定位,且在执行程序中,担保权构造说难以排除对一般买受人物权期待权的执行,更难以排除对消费者物权期待权的执行。因此,有必要建立起形式主义与功能主义相结合的不动产让与担保物权制度,将让与担保成文化,构建有效的权利保障制度以及高效、快捷的违约救济机制,从而实现不动产让与担保制度的良性发展。

Theoretically,the system of transferring guarantee can be divided into two categories:the theory of the ownership formation and the theory of security right formation.From the point of view of the guarantee function of the subject matter,the theory of security right formation holds that the mortgagor has no right of disposition,which conflicts with the regulations concerning the real right of?pledge.Meanwhile,the existing judicial policy offers a privilege to transferring guarantee that is hard to be placed in the system of the property law.Moreover,in practice,it is difficult for the theory of security right formation to exclude the normal purchasers’ownership contingent right,especially the customers.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a real estate transferring guarantee system,based on the combination of formalism and functionalism.We shall absorb transferring guarantee into our culture,establish an efficient rights protection system and an effective,speedy remedy mechanism for the breach of contract,and realize a sound development of the system of real estate transferring guarantee and guarantee system.