私人数字货币犯罪刑法规制研究

Research on Criminal Law Regulation of Private Digital Currency Crime

当前,私人数字货币的发展如火如荼。从本质上看,不能将私人数字货币定性为虚拟商品、证券、数字资产等,而应当将其定性为货币,即一种擅自发行的货币。借助区块链及信息网络技术,私人数字货币能够在世界任何角落自由流动,并避开政府监管。私人数字货币的扩张会对以国家主权为基础建构起来的货币体系、金融体系以及国家安全造成极大冲击,对涉私人数字货币的相关危害行为进行刑事规制迫在眉睫。目前,我国刑法体系中的货币类罪名难以有效规制与私人数字货币相关的犯罪行为,司法实践中对该类行为的处理也颇为混乱。从总体国家安全观的视角出发,应当严密私人数字货币犯罪的刑事法网,增设擅自发行数字货币罪,取消司法解释、行政法规对伪造货币罪中伪造行为的限制,对持有、使用假币罪进行修正。

At present,the development of private digital currency is in full swing and growing vigorously.In essence,private digital money cannot be characterized as virtual goods,securities,digital assets,etc.,but should be characterized as money,that is,a currency issued without authorization.With block chain and information network technology,private digital money can flow freely anywhere in the world and avoid government regulation.The expansion of private digital currency will have a great impact on the monetary system,financial system and national security based on national sovereignty,and it is urgent to carry out criminal regulation on the related harmful behavior of private digital currency.At present,it is difficult to effectively regulate the criminal behavior related to private digital currency in the criminal law system of our country,and the treatment of this kind of behavior in judicial practice is quite chaotic.From the perspective of overall national security,the criminal law network of private digital money crime should be added to the crime of issuing digital money without authorization,remove the restriction of judicial interpretation and administrative regulations on forgery of money crime,and amend the crime of holding and using counterfeit money.