不同轨道结构对地铁车内噪声影响实验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Different Track Structures on Metro Vehicle Interior Noise

随着城市轨道交通的不断发展,人们对乘车声环境的舒适性要求也越来越高。采用现场测试的方法,研究列车以不同运行速度途经普通整体道床、减振扣件、预制橡胶浮置板、钢弹簧浮置板道床时的带司机室拖车Tc、带受电弓动车Mp和不带受电弓动车M三节相邻车厢内不同位置的噪声。结果表明:钢弹簧浮置板轨道车内噪声最为显著;车内等效A声级噪声在80 Hz和800 Hz左右有明显峰值;车内噪声受到受电弓和动力设备的影响,不同车型的相同位置噪声差距显著;整辆车上的每个测点在25~50 Hz的低频范围内都有一个噪声峰值。最后,对实现城市轨道交通车内噪声测试的互通性提出规范轨道状态、车辆速度、测点位置等参数的建议。

With the continuous development of urban rail transit,the requirements for travel environment and riding comfort are getting higher and higher.In this paper,the method of field test is adopted to study the noise inside the trailer train with cab(Tc),motor train with and without pantograph(Mp and M)at different operation speed when the train runs on the monolithic track bed with ordinary and high elastic fasteners,prefabricated rubber floating slab and steel spring floating slab track.The results show that,the most prominent interior noise is in the steel spring floating slab track section;equivalent A-level of interior noise has significant peaks around 80 Hz and 800 Hz;interior noise is affected by pantographs and power equipment,and there is significant difference in noise at the same location of different vehicles;each measurement point on the entire vehicle has a noise peak in the low-frequency range of 25~50 Hz.Finally,in order to realize the interoperability of the interior noise test of urban rail transit,the paper recommends parameters such as standard track state,vehicle speed and measuring point position.