运动激活骨骼肌卫星细胞:增龄性肌衰减症及肌肉损伤修复的运动预防和治疗

Exercise activates skeletal muscle satellite cells:exercise prevention and treatment for age-related sarcopenia and muscle injury

背景:骨骼肌是维持人体健康的主要组织,其衰减症会影响人们的健康和生活质量。肌卫星细胞是骨骼肌干细胞,受到运动刺激时激活增殖与分化,促进肌肉肥大,延缓肌衰减症的发生。目的:为增龄性肌衰减症、肌肉萎缩及肌肉损伤修复提供运动预防和治疗指导,同时为后续研究提供理论支撑。方法:在知网、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库中,英文以“skeletal muscle,satellite cells,proliferation,differentiation,muscle repair和sarcopenia”为关键词,中文以“运动、肌卫星细胞、增殖与分化”为关键词,检索2010至2020年发表的相关文献,对题目和摘要初步筛选,全文阅读后纳入100篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①运动激活肌卫星细胞增殖与分化的研究较多,与耐力运动(有氧)相比,抗阻运动效果更显著;②不同的运动形式可激活不同类型肌卫星细胞的增殖与分化,其运动强度、负荷阈值、运动时间和频次等因素均影响卫星细胞激活增殖与分化程度;③运动激活肌卫星细胞增殖与分化信号通路相互作用的研究不足,发现运动可调控肌细胞外基质、氧化应激水平及细胞自噬,改善肌衰减症;④运动激活肌卫星细胞增殖与分化的信号通路如何有效协同促进还需更多深入研究与探索。

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is the main tissue to maintain human health, and sarcopenia affects people’s health and quality of life. Muscle satellite cells are skeletalmuscle stem cells activated to proliferate and differentiate when stimulated by exercise, promote muscle hypertrophy, and delay the occurrence of sarcopenia.OBJECTIVE: To provide exercise prevention and treatment guidance for age-related sarcopenia, muscle atrophy, and muscle injury repair, and providetheoretical support for subsequent research.METHODS: CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for relevant documents published from 2010 to 2020 with the keywords of “skeletal muscle,satellite cells, proliferation, differentiation, muscle repair, scrcopenia” in Chinese and English, respectively. After initial screening of titles and abstracts, 100articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many studies on the proliferation and differentiation of exercise-activated muscle satellite cells. Compared with enduranceexercise (aerobic), resistance exercise has a significant effect. Different types of exercises can activate the proliferation and differentiation of different types ofmuscle satellite cells. Factors such as exercise intensity, load threshold, exercise time and frequency all influence the degree of satellite cell activation, proliferationand differentiation. Research on the interaction between exercise-activated muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation signaling pathways is insufficient,and it is found that exercise can regulate muscle extracellular matrix, oxidative stress levels, and autophagy to improve sarcopenia. How exercise activates the signalpathways of muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation to effectively promote synergy requires more in-depth research and exploration.