集权与分权的平衡——荷兰市镇空间规划的编制与实施

Balance of Centralization and Decentralization:The Establishment and Implementation of Dutch Municipal Spatial Planning

相似的资源约束和政府定位使得荷兰的空间规划经验对于中国国土空间规划工作具有较强的借鉴意义。本文试图在简要回顾荷兰空间规划体系沿革的基础之上,系统考察荷兰市镇空间规划的体系定位、编制内容、制度安排和具体实施,并参照中国规划实践进一步阐释荷兰空间规划实践对中国国土空间规划的启示。指出中国地方政府的国土空间规划实践不能照搬荷兰市镇政府的实用主义做法,而应该着力于完善法律法规,严格执法;在规划体系中,中央政府并不能简单地集权或者分权,而应该根据具体社会经济状况的变化保持集权与分权的均衡;“多规合一”的前提应该是“多法合一”。

Similar resource constraints and government positioning make Dutch spatial planning experience a strong reference for China's territorial spatial planning practice.Based on a brief review of the evolution of the Dutch spatial planning system,this paper attempts to systematically examine the system positioning,content,institutional arrangements,and specific implementation of spatial planning in Dutch cities and towns,and further explain the inspiration of practice of Dutch spatial planning on China's spatial planning.It is pointed out that the spatial planning practice of Chinese local governments cannot copy the pragmatic approach of the Dutch municipal governments.Instead,they should focus on improving laws and regulations and strengthen law enforcement.In the planning system,the central government cannot blindly concentrate or decentralize planning power.The balance of centralization and decentralization should be maintained in accordance with changes in specific socio-economic conditions;finally,it is pointed out that the premise of'multiple plans merging into one'should be'multiple laws merging into one'.