三江侗寨空间形态分形特征及场所性研究——以三个侗寨为例

Research on Spatial Form Fractal Character and Location of Dong Village in Sanjiang County:Taking the Three Dong Villages for Example

文章基于高山型、丘陵河岸型、平地田园型三种不同地理格局的聚落类型,选取广西壮族自治区柳州市三江侗族自治县三个侗寨——高定寨、岜团寨、马安寨,将分形理论引入聚落空间形态的研究,运用盒子计数法计算其空间形态的二维平面图斑分维值,结合场所特征剖析三者分形特征与差异原因。研究显示:三个村寨都表现分形特征,验证寨子形成过程是自组织;且分形维数近似自然维数,一定程度上表现了村寨的选址及发展变化与地形地貌存在联系性,其中高定寨的分维值随盒子计数尺度呈线性变化,表明高定寨与自然环境的联系性相对较强;总体上不同地形地貌的侗寨分维值存在差异。自然环境与社会文化的多样因素造就了侗寨发展的多样性,因而关于侗寨的保护、更新与发展应以人为本,切合时代需求提出发展建议。

Based on high mountains,hills river,the ground type rural three different geographical pattern of settlement types,this paper selects three Dong villages in Sanjiang region:Gaoding Village,Batuan Village,and Ma'an Village,bringing the fractal theory to the research of settlement spatial form,using the box counting method to calculate the spatial form of two-dimension floor plan patch fractal dimension values,in combination with characteristics of place in order to analyze the reasons for fractal characteristics and the difference of the cases.The results showed that all the three villages showed fractal characteristics,which verified that the forming process of stockade was self-organizing.And the fractal dimension approximates the natural dimension.To some extent,it shows that the site selection and development change of Gaoding Village are related to the landform.The fractal dimension value of Gaoding Village changes linearly with the box counting scale,indicating that Gaoding Village is relatively strongly related to the natural environment.On the whole,fractal dimension values of Dong villages vary with different landforms and landforms.The diverse factors of natural environment and social culture have created the diversity of development of Dong villages,so the protection,renewal and development of Dong villages should be people-oriented and development suggestions should be put forward according to the needs of the times.