公共数据归属政府的合理性及法律意义

Rationality and Legal Significance of Public Data Belonging to Government

公共数据是指政府在履行公共管理职责和提供公共服务过程中形成的非专属于行政相对人的数据。对于公共数据产权配置,理论及实践层面均存在争议。借鉴现有数据产权界定模型,结合公共数据基本特点,可以认为将公共数据配置给政府是较为合适的制度选择。而劳动财产理论及公共数据生产资料类公共资源的性质定位则为公共数据归属政府奠定了理论基础。公共数据归属政府既有益于明晰公共数据民事权利客体的法律属性,又有利于培育规范的公共数据要素市场,还有助于明确政府作为公共数据许可主体的法律义务。

Public data refers to the non-exclusive administrative counterpart data formed by the government in the process of performing administrative management duties and providing public services.There are controversies about the allocation of public data property rights in theory and practice.Based on the existing data property rights definition model and the basic characteristics of public data,it can be considered that the allocation of public data to the government is a more appropriate institutional choice.The labor property theory and the nature of public resources of public data have laid a theoretical foundation for the attribution of public data to the government.The attribution of Public data to the government not only helps to clarify the legal attributes of the civil rights of public data,but also helps to cultivate a standard public data elements market.It also helps to clarify the government’s obligations and responsibilities as the subject of public data licensing.