突发性公共卫生事件之刑法立法--基本立场与配套技术

Criminal Legislation for Public Health Emergencies:Basic Position and Supporting Technology

以新冠肺炎疫情防控期间相关涉疫犯罪的刑法应对为样本,过度扩张的司法解释性文件折射出针对突发性公共卫生事件之刑法立法的隐忧。在刑事政策的及时性与整体从严从重性导向下,须深入反思当前立法在公共卫生犯罪、野生动物资源犯罪等领域的不足。基于全面推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的背景,基于突发性公共卫生事件的系列特质,今后的刑法立法修改宜以积极的刑法立法观为基本立场。就配套性修法技术,即结合医学、生物科学等实证基础进行科学预测与决策;借助反思性平衡方法实现法益、用语、罪刑等方面的平衡;运用体系思维实现刑法之内与刑法之外的协调。

Taking the criminal law dealing with the crime related to COVID-19 as a sample,the excessive expansion of the judicial explanatory documents reflects the hidden worries of the criminal legislation against public health emergencies.Under the function of timeliness and overall strictness of criminal policy,there are two aspects that must be deeply reflected on the current situation of the criminal law:first,there are some deficiencies in the regulation of public health crimes,wildlife resources crimes and other crimes in the criminallegislation;second,what kind of basic position and supporting technology should be adhered to when the amendment of criminal law(11)is launched.In the context of comprehensively promoting the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity,based on the characteristics of public health emergencies,it is necessary to advocate positive outlook on criminal legislation.Based on this position,there are three main points in the corresponding complementary revision technology.The first point is to make scientific prediction and decision on the content of legislation in combination with empirical research such as medicine and bioscience.Second,with the help of reflective balance method,to achieve the balance of legal interest protection,terms,crime expansion and penalty mitigation.The third point is to use the systematic thinking to realize the coordination between criminal law and other relevant laws.