土地退化和荒漠化防治领域国际标准化现状与思考

Current status and thoughts on international standardization in the field of mitigating land degradation and combating desertification

土地退化和荒漠化是影响人类生存和发展的全球重大生态问题,研究制订相关国际标准并加以推广应用,有助于全球、国家和区域层面土地退化和荒漠化防治工作的有序高效开展。首先概述目前全球土地退化和荒漠化现状及发展趋势,然后综述土地退化和荒漠化防治领域国际标准化现状和国际标准化组织在该领域的工作进程,从实现全球“土地退化零增长”目标、履行国际公约等方面分析开展该领域国际标准工作的必要性,最后基于国际需求和中国的优势,提出我国完善标准体系、培养标准人才、服务“一带一路”倡议、提出国际标准提案以及提升国际影响力等推进国际标准化工作的举措,以及申请依托中国设立秘书处,成立国际标准化组织土地退化和荒漠化防治技术委员会(LDC-TC)的设想和工作方案,包括技术委员会的业务范围、工作机制和内容以及总体目标等。

[Background]Land degradation and desertification are the major global ecological issues threating the human living environment and development.The study and formulation of relevant international standards and their application will contribute to the efficient and orderly implementation of land degradation and desertification control at the global,national and regional levels.[Methods]The paper briefly reviews the current status and prevailing trend of global land degradation and desertification,analyzes the today’s development of international standardization in land degradation and desertification control,and summarizes the development processes and achievements initiated by the International Standardization Organization(ISO)from sorting out standardizations in land degradation and desertification control by studying a large number of literatures.Based on achieving the global goal of“zero growth in land degradation”and fulfilling international conventions,the necessities to initiate the development of international standardization in the field of land degradation and desertification control were discussed.[Results]1)There is an urgent need to establish international standards of terminology,methods,techniques and management to further guide action and planning to combat land degradation and desertification on global scale.2)Based on the global requirement and national priority potential in the field of land degradation and desertification control in China,concrete efforts and measures are proposed to promote the development and further initiatives to launch the international standardization in the field of land degradation neutrality and desertification rehabilitation,such as improving the standard system,cultivating standard talents,service One Belt and One Road strategy,proposing international standards,and enhancing international influence.3)The coming new technical committee on land degradation and desertification control(LDC-TC)will effectively carry out closer consultation and strengthening cooperation with UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)and relevant international organizations,perfecting international standard system,improving basic standards,proposing international standards,and providing specific and operable technical guidelines for combating land degradation and desertification.[Conclusions]In order to promote the international standardization process,it is proposed to 1)establish a secretariat in China for launching the efforts and development of the international standardization to mitigate land degradation and combat desertification;2)set up a technical committee on land degradation and desertification control(LDC-TC)under the leadership of ISO to develop work plan and mobilize resources,including scopes,tasks,working mechanism,and goals.