静电纺纳米纤维功能性纱线的研究进展

Research progress of transforming electrospun nanofibers into functional yarns

静电纺纳米纤维尺度效应和表/界面效应突出,但集合体的形式单一,结构稳定性较差,力学性能不足,纱线结构的纳米纤维集合体可有效综合纳米纤维和纺织结构双重优势,突破其应用瓶颈并拓宽应用范畴。为此,首先以静电纺纳米纤维构筑功能性纱线为主轴线,从结构成形原理与技术、功能设计与应用角度,系统综述了纳米纤维纱线的最新研究进展;其次从高效可控制备与实际应用等方面深入分析了纳米纤维纱线的潜在问题,并展望了该研究领域的未来发展趋势。研究认为,量小集成的微型高科技器件与量大面广的功能服装面料是各类纳米纤维功能性纱线走向工业化的主要应用途径,高效高品质绿色成形与多功能集成是其未来的发展重点。

Electrospun nanofibers are well-known for unique size effect and surface/interface effect,but limited by single assembly form,insufficient structure stability and mechanical properties.Nanofiber assembly with yarn architecture contributes to fully integrate the respective merits of both nanofiber and textile structure,and breaks through the bottleneck and broadens the application of nanofibers.Firstly,the latest research progress of electrospun nanofiber-based yarns is systematically reviewed from the aspects of forming principle and technology,functional design and application.Furthermore,the potential problems in highly efficient,controllable preparation and practical application of nanofiber-based yarns are deeply analyzed,and the future development trend of this field is also prospected.It is considered that integrated high-tech micro-devices with small-batch preparation and wide range of functional fabrics with mass production are the main application directions of nanofiber-based yarn to industrialization,moreover,efficiently green fabrication and multi-functional integration of nanofiber yarns with high-quality are the future development priorities.