赋体演变的句式考察

An Investigation of the Evolution of Fu Style

赋起于楚辞骚体,继有大赋、骈赋、律赋、文赋之制,赋体的演变突出显示于句式的变化。楚辞及骚体以句尾“兮”字拉长语气,增强感叹,又以句中虚字接连名物、形容并形成结构复杂的散语长句,适合怨怼激发的情感抒写。汉大赋鸿篇巨制,大题苞览,叙物为本,主要以四言一顺的散语长句展开名物和形容的铺陈。六代骈体小赋及唐代律赋抒情体物,则以四、六及其愈趋谨严的联对结构乃至声律规范承当一物一事的细致描写,物我相融,于诗为近。宋代文赋复归散语,然与汉大赋承接诸子谈辩、排比辑事不同,而是援取唐宋“古文”作法,其较远的来源是秦汉叙议之文,句式长短不拘一格,议论为主,显示主体意识的自我执持。

Fu originated in the Verses of Chu and Sao-style Fu,and later there were the systems of Da Fu,Pian Fu,Rhyme Fu,and Wen Fu.The evolution of Fu style was highlighted in the change of sentence patterns.the Verses of Chu and Sao-style Fu use the word"Xi"at the end of the sentence to lengthen the tone and to enhance the sigh,and use the empty words in the middle of the sentence to connect objects,describe and form long prose sentences with complex structures,which are suitable for expressing emotions inspired by resentment.The Da Fu of the Han Dynasty is huge in length,expansive topics,and narrative-oriented.It mainly uses prose sentences with four characters to spread the names and descriptions.The six generations of parallel style Xiao Fu and the Tang Dynasty Rhythmic Fu expressing feelings and describing scenery,with the four words,six words and more rigorous combination structure and even the vocal norms,bearing the detailed description of one thing,which unifies the outside and inside.The literary prose of the Han Dynasty was returned but it was different from the discussion,argumentation,and parallel compilation in the Han Da Fu.Instead,it adopted the"ancient prose"of the Tang and Song dynasties.Its remote source was the Qin and Han narrative essays,eclectic in the length of the sentence,discussion-oriented,showing the self-holding of subject consciousness.