《诗序》的历史世界与价值世界——清代中期《诗序》观论略

Historical World and Value World in Shi Xu——On the Views of Shi Xu in the Mid-Qing Dynasty

《诗序》研究史或阐释史是透视儒家诗学思想发展演变的一扇窗口,从中可以窥见古代士人知识阶层重构诗学精神与诗学传统、重建知识话语与意义世界的历史印迹。清代中期学者从《诗序》的史事叙述与价值判断两个层面入手,以“其人”“其事”的陈述性内容为依据重构诗的历史世界,以“所美”“所刺”的评价性内容为标准重建诗的价值世界,从而以一种极其严密的实证研究方式回应了《诗序》尊废之争的问题,代表了一种独特的《诗经》学阐释类型。其潜在的诗学意图则在于凭借《诗序》的双重阐释进路,在重启和强化“以史论诗”的叙事传统基础上,重建儒家诗学观风知政、讽喻教化的经世精神与价值传统。这反映出士人阶层通过重建《诗经》的知识系统与意义世界,重新掌握《诗经》阐释的知识话语与价值话语,以重建思想世界与秩序并进而指导现实生活世界的深层意图与隐秘指向。

The research or hermeneutic history of Shi Xu is a window representing the evolution of Confucian poetics,which reflects the historical marks of the ancient scholar stratum in restructuring the poetical spirit and tradition and in rebuilding the intellectual discourse and meaning world.Scholars in the Mid-Qing Dynasty proceeded from the historical narration and value judgement of Shi Xu,according to the narrative content about characters and events to restore the poetical and historical world,on the basis of the evaluation content about the praise and satire to rebuild the poetical value world,so much so that responded to the controversy of Shi Xu in a rigorous form of empirical study and represented a special interpretative type of The Book of Songs.The potential poetic intention lies in the rebuilding and strengthening the statecraft spirit and value tradition of Confucian poetics,i.e.political virtue through observing people’s manners,and allegorical indoctrination,based on resuming the narrative tradition of historical poetics by the double interpretative way of Shi Xu.It reflects the intellectual stratum’s deep intention and hidden reference of rebuilding the world of thought and order and giving guidance for the real life world,by restructuring the intellectual system and meaning world and regaining the intellectual and value discourse of the interpretation of The Book of Songs.