矿嫂的家庭地位与矿工家庭的性别分工——基于山西省某大型煤矿集团的质性研究

The Family Status of Miners’Wives and the Gender Roles of Miner Families:A Case Study of a Major Coal Mining Group in Shanxi Province

近年来,中国煤炭企业面临改革“阵痛”,矿嫂在照顾好家庭的同时要外出工作。对山西某大型煤矿集团多位矿工、矿嫂深度访谈与参与式观察的结果表明:矿工家庭性别分工呈现出“男主外、女主内”的传统特征;在仁慈的父权制的社会背景下,矿工的职业因素强化了这种传统模式,矿嫂的家庭地位并没有真正提升;受职业因素强化的矿工家庭传统性别分工模式与时代发展的特点相结合,“80后”矿嫂外出工作的比例增加。尽管当今社会对妇女的期望越来越高,矿嫂的负担和责任也在增加,但她们仍不断寻求在家庭中的平等地位。

Recently,the economic operation of Chinese coal enterprises has encountered the“pain”of reform.The miners’wives go to work while taking care of the family.The gender roles of miners’families show the traditional rule of“husbands go out to work while wives take care the house”,and the occupational factors of miners strengthen it so that the family status of miners’wives hasn’t really improved.This traditional gender division of labor strengthened by occupational factors combines with new trend of the time,so the proportion of“post-80s”miners’wives going out to work increases.Along with society’s expectations of women getting higher,the burden and responsibility of the miners’wives are actually increasing.However,they are still constantly seeking the equal status within family.