气吸式播种机播种监测系统设计与试验--基于光敏原件

Design and Experiment of Seeding Monitoring System for Air Suction Seeder-Based on Photosensitive Primitive

目前,机械式播种器研究较为成熟,但因本身结构特点难于播种长圆、扁等各种不规则形状的作物种子,而气吸式播种器尤其擅于播种棉籽、打瓜、葫芦籽、甜菜及玉米等种子。目前,播种机的监测装置大多使用机械式、压电传感器针对播种管、种料箱进行信号采集,并非在播种器内部进行监测。为此,设计了一种运用光敏二极管模块、霍尔传感器和单片机微处理器的气吸式播种机播种监测装置,实现了对播种机漏播、播种数统计,以及漏种报警等功能。播种监测系统试验结果表明:监测单元安装误差不应大于2.2mm,此时系统的漏播监测精度、播种数监测精度均大于95%。该气吸式播种监测系统符合监测要求,可避免过度漏播及无种空跑,提高了播种效率,降低了经济损失。

At present,researches on mechanical seeder are relatively mature,but because of its own structural characteristics,it is difficult to sow seeds of various shapes,such as oval and flat.While air suction planter is effective for planting seeds such as cotton seeds,melon seeds,Beets seeds,corn seeds and the others.Most of the current seeder monitoring devices using mechanical monitoring method or piezoelectric sensors,collects the signal acquisition on planting tubes,seed boxes,not within the planter of the monitor.In this dissertation,we design a monitoring device of air suction seeder using photodiode module,Hall sensor and MCU microprocessor to realize the functions of seeder sowing,sowing statistics and leakage alarm.The results of sowing monitoring system test show that the monitoring unit installation error should be greater less than 2.2mm,at the same time the leakage monitoring accuracy of the system,the sowing number monitoring accuracy greater than 96%of the air suction sowing monitoring system.Avoid a lot of leakage sowing seeds and empty seeds,thereby increasing the sowing efficiency and reduce economic losses.