改善灌溉条件何以促进中国稻谷增产——引入稻谷价格与灌溉条件的交互作用

On Improving Irrigation Conditions to Increase Rice Yield in China?by Introducing the Interaction Between Rice Prices and Irrigation Condition

农田水利设施是保障粮食生产的重要基础,是实现“藏粮于地”的关键载体。基于农田灌溉条件对稻谷生产影响路径的分析,利用1997-2018年我国18个稻谷主产省份的面板数据,引入稻谷价格与有效灌溉率交互项,实证检验了灌溉条件的改善对稻谷生产的现实影响。结果表明:(1)有效灌溉率和稻谷价格对稻谷单产、播种面积和总产量均有显著正向影响;(2)如果配合良好的价格激励,改善农田灌溉条件将会更好地发挥对粮食增产增效的支撑作用。结论的政策含义在于,要继续强化农田水利设施及其配套建设,切实提高利用效率和管护水平;在急需增加粮食供给时,以合适的粮食价格激励种粮积极性,有效发挥农田水利设施的支撑作用,确保国家急需时粮食能“产得出”“供得上”。

Farmland irrigation facilities are an important foundation for guaranteeing grain production and a key measure for“stor⁃ing food on the ground”.Using panel data of 18 major rice-producing provinces in China from 1997 to 2018,this paper analyzes how the improvement of the farmland irrigation influence rice production by introducing the interaction items of rice price and effec⁃tive irrigation rate.The results show that(1)effective irrigation rate and rice price have significant positive effects on the yield per unit area of rice,sowing area and total yield;(2)with proper price incentives,the improvement of farmland irrigation condition will play a positive supporting role in increasing grain yield and efficiency.The policy implication lies in that we should continue to strengthen the construction of irrigation and water conservancy facilities and the supporting facilities,and effectively improve the utilization efficiency and management level;when there is an urgent need to increase food supply,we should encourage farmers′en⁃thusiasm of growing grain with appropriate food prices,effectively play the supporting role of irrigation and water conservancy facili⁃ties,and ensure that the country can“produce”and“supply”food.