企业技术技能人才向职教教师转换——德国的经验与启示

Transferring from Technical/Skilled Qualified Worker to Vocational Teacher——German Experience and Its Enlightenment

《国家职业教育改革实施方案》规定2019年起职业院校将从企业招聘职教教师。为此,我国职教教师教育与研究亟需解决"如何选拔企业人才进入职教师资队伍"及"如何促使其最终向‘双师型’教师转换"问题。德国的经验显示:构建在线测试、专业咨询和实习的完整过程,采用"做中学"培养方式,结合多方、多阶段评价,有助于实现企业技术技能人才向职教教师的转换。鉴于此,我国要在明确"双师型"教师内涵前提下,完善企业技术技能人才转换为职教教师的认证流程以解决"如何选"问题;基于情境学习理论,建立学徒式教师培训以解决"如何转换"问题。

The implementation plan of national vocational education reform has stipulated that it would recruit vocational teacher from the technical/skilled qualified worker in company,in order to build up the"double-qualified"vocational teacher team.To implement this plan,it needs to answer two questions:how to select a suitable technical/skilled qualified worker as a"double-qualified"vocational teacher,and how to become"double-qualified"vocational teacher.In Germany,it has formed a complete selection and training process including:online-test,professional counsel and practice,adopted"learning by doing",and combined multi-dimension/-phase assessment to help transfer the technical/skilled qualified worker to be a vocational teacher.Learning from German experience,it suggests to complete authentication process based on the definition of"double-qualified"vocational teacher to answer the question of"how to select",and construct teacher apprentice training according to the situated learning theory to solve the question of"how to become".