樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

Development Status of Camphor Tree Resources Chemical Processing and Utilization Industry

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地。樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料。本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟树油的主要产品及其提取、分离、纯化技术,以及质量控制、分析检测方法和存在的技术瓶颈;分析了樟树产业现状及其在医药、香料日化、食品等行业中的应用,阐述了樟树产业在应用基础研究、终端产品研发、国家、省级相关规划、标准化原料基地建设、樟树定向培育技术等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议与对策,为樟树资源化学加工利用提供参考依据。

Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, linalool and borneol in chemical types of camphor tree are characteristic Lauraceae tree species in China, with total area of about 80 000 hm^2, and mainly distribute in Yibin and Guang’an of Sichuan Province, Ganzhou of Jiangxi Province, Nanning of Guangxi, Xinhuang of Hunan Province. The 1,8-cineole, linalool and natural borneol which are contain in camphor tree leaf essential oil, are important export products, as well as the main raw materials for medicine, flavors and fragrance, and daily chemical industry. This paper summarized the characteristics and distribution of camphor tree resources, introduced the chemical composition and biological activity of C. longepaniculatum oil, linalool and borneol oil, the main products of camphor tree oil and their extraction, separation, purification technology, quality control, analysis and detection methods and existing technical bottlenecks, analyzed the current situation of camphor tree industry and its application in medicine, spices, daily chemicals, food industry and other industries. The existing problems of camphor tree industry in application basic research, terminal product research and development, national and provincial related planning, standardized raw material base construction, camphor tree oriented cultivation technology and other aspects were elaborated, which provided reference for the chemical processing and utilization of camphor resources.