北京市2017年典型日机动车动态排放特征研究

Vehicular Dynamic Emission Characteristics of Typical Days in Beijing in 2017

为深入了解北京市路网机动车排放特征,采用自主开发的基于交通流的机动车动态排放模型,耦合北京市2017年交通流观测数据,测算了北京市机动车在工作日、非工作日、节假日、重污染日和重大活动日5种典型日工况下,主要路网上1 h时间分辨率、1 km×1 km空间分辨率下的时空分布特征.结果表明:①北京市二环路及以内区域和二三环之间(包括三环路)机动车排放强度较高,分别达到0.050和0.043 t(km^2·d).②北京市机动车NO x排放分布规律性较强,主要分布在东南六环路方向及其联络线,以及东北、西北六环路方向及其联络线上,NO x排放高峰值在05:00出现.③北京市机动车CO排放主要集中在城区五环路及以内区域,CO排放高峰值在18:00出现,五环路及以内区域及其联络线附近均为CO高排放区.④北京市5种典型日中,非工作日机动车排放量最大.研究显示,五环路及以内区域机动车污染控制应以轻型车为主,六环路及以外区域应以重型柴油车为主.

In order to fully understand the real-time emissions of vehicles in Beijing,the traffic dynamic emission characteristics of five typical kinds of days(working days,non-working days,heavy pollution days,festival and big-event days in 2017)were studied with a self-developed dynamic vehicle emission model coupled with the dynamic traffic flows in different times and regions on a grid of one hour and 1 km×1 km on the main road website in Beijing.The vehicular emission spatial-temporal distribution analysis showed that the vehicle emission intensities within the inner 2 nd ring road area(including the 2 nd ring road)and the area between the 2 nd ring road and 3 rd ring road(including the 3 rd road)were 0.050 and 0.043 t(km^2·d),respectively.The distribution of NO x emission was very regular.It was mainly distributed at the southeast 6 th ring road and outside the 6 th ring road in the northeast and northwest with the traffic links,and always reached the highest emission level at 05:00 of the day.CO emissions were mainly concentrated in the urban areas within the 5 th ring road,and the emissions reached a peak within the entire inner 5 th ring road area(including the 5 th ring road)and the traffic links at 18:00.Non-working days had the highest vehicle emissions among the five typical traffic mode days in Beijing.The results showed that light-duty vehicles should be the main target of emission management within the inner 5 th ring road(including the 5 th ring road),while heavy-duty diesel vehicles should be the main target of emission management outside the 6 th ring road(including the 6 th ring road).