马克思的“历史决定论”刍议

On Marx’s“Historical Determinism”

历史决定论是唯物史观的基本原理和核心内容,不理解马克思的历史决定论就难以理解唯物史观。然而,这一理论却长期受到种种质疑和批评,这些批评既有来自马克思主义阵营内部的,更有来自外部各种非马克思主义和反马克思主义的。本文总结和梳理了围绕马克思的历史理论与决定论的关系问题展开的讨论中一些具有代表性的观点,在此基础上认为,马克思的历史决定论旨在阐明存在于生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑之间的适合(适应)与被适合(被适应)的关系,这是一种"趋势决定"而非"起源决定",而《资本论》及其手稿对理解和把握马克思的历史决定论具有极为重要的地位和意义。最后,本文提出了正确分析和阐释马克思历史决定论的基本原则和方法。

Historical Determinism is the basic principle and core content of historical materialism.However,this theory has been questioned and criticized for a long time.The criticisms not only come from within the Marxist camp,but also from all kinds of external non-Marxist and anti-Marxist camps.This paper summarizes and sorts out some representative viewpoints in the discussion of the relationship between Marx’s historical theory and determinism.On this basis,it is considered that Marx’s Historical Determinism aims to clarify the relationship between the productivity and the production relations,between the economic foundation and the superstructure,which is a type of"tendency determinism"rather than"origin determinism".Capital and its manuscripts play an important role in understanding and grasping Marx’s Historical Determinism.Finally,this paper puts forward the basic principles and methods of correctly analyzing and interpreting Marx’s Historical Determinism.