论宪法询问答复

On the Response to Constitutional Inquiry

宪法询问答复始自1954年《宪法》实施的先例,发展为《立法法》上的法律询问答复制度,并在适用条件、范围和程序上均不同于全国人大常委会解释宪法的宪法解释方式。通过分析200余件宪法询问答复案例发现,宪法解释的情况涵盖合宪性确认、违宪性判断、宪法条款释义、明确宪法界限、解决宪法纠纷等。落实宪法解释程序机制,有必要改进宪法询问答复的工作制度、程序规范、答复听证、答复公开等,以实现全国人大常委会解释宪法、全国人大宪法和法律委员会开展宪法解释和全国人大常委会工作机构作宪法询问答复的适用,发挥宪法解释程序机制中的各自功能。

Developed from the implementation of the Constitution of People's Republic of China and into the responses to legal inquiry in the legislation Law of People's Republic of China,the response to constitutional inquiry is different from the constitutional interpretation of the NPC Standing Committee in terms of applicable conditions,scope and procedures.The analysis of more than 200 cases of response to constitutional inquiry shows that the interpretation of the constitution includes the confirmation of constitutionality,the judgment of unconstitutionality,the interpretation of constitutional clauses,the clarification of constitutional boundaries,and the settlement of constitutional disputes.The implementation of constitutional interpretation procedures and mechanisms requires a standardization of function and procedure,and also an improvement of justice and transparency.Only in this way can the NPC Standing Committee interpret the constitution,the NPC Constitution and Law Committee conducts constitution interpretation,and the working bodies of the NPC Standing Committee better respond to constitutional inquiry,giving full play to the procedural function of constitutional interpretation.