柴达木盆地不同天气条件下气温日变化特征分析

Analysis of diurnal variation of air temperature under different weather conditions in Qaidam Basin

通过对2017-2018年柴达木地区茫崖、冷湖、小灶火、大柴旦、德令哈、格尔木、诺木洪、乌兰、都兰及茶卡等10个台站气象资料统计,分析了柴达木地区年、四季、月及24时次平均气温、最高气温、最低气温日变化特征;晴天、阴天、多云、大风沙尘天气、雨天、雪天气温日变化特征。结果表明:年、四季24时次气温呈现减小—增加—减小的趋势,年和春、夏、秋季最大值出现在17时,最小值出现在07时;冬季最大值出现在16时,最小值出现在08时,7月份达最大值,1月份达最小值;最大值和最小值出现时次各不相同,晴天极值间的差值最大,阴天极值间的差值最小;大风沙尘、雨天及雪天天气条件下,各时次平均气温均呈减小—增加—减小的趋势。因此,不同天气条件下气温日变化的主要特征及季节差异性的分析,不仅对准确认识气温的极值特征有十分重要的作用,而且对盆区合理布局农业生产、调整种植结构、旅游资源开发乃至社会经济的可持续发展等均具有重要意义。

Through the meteorological data statistics of 10 stations in Qaidam region in 2017-2018,including Manai,Lenghu,Xiaozaohuo,Dachaidan,Delingha,Geermu,Nomuhong,Wulan,Dulan and Chaka,the diurnal variation characteristics of annual,seasonal,monthly and 24 h mean temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Qaidam area are analyzed,as well as diurnal variation characteristics of temperature in sunny,cloudy,cloudy,windy,dusty,rainy,snowy days.The results showed that the temperature at 24 h in year and four seasons showed a trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing.In spring,summer and autumn,the maximum value appeared at 17 o’clock,while the minimum value appeared at 07 o’clock.In winter,the maximum value appeared at 16 o’clock and the minimum value appeared at 08 o’clock.It reached the maximum value in July and the minimum value in January.The maximum and minimum occur in different times.The difference value between sunny days is the biggest and that of cloudy days is the smallest.Under the conditions of gale,dust,rain and snow,the average temperature of each time showed a trend of decreasing-increasing-decreasing.Therefore,the main diurnal variation characteristics at different weather conditions and seasonal difference analysis not only play an important role to accurately know the temperature of the extremum characteristics,but also have great significance for rational layout of agricultural production of basin area,adjusting planting structure,tourism resources development and the sustainable development of social economy and so on.