韧性思维、韧性基础设施与城市运行安全

Resilience Thinking,Resilient Infrastructure and Cities’Operation Safety

基础设施是城市安全运行和可持续发展的物质基础。随着城市规模的扩大和风险的增加,城市基础设施面临更多灾害威胁。传统的防护策略强调在灾害发生之前阻止其发生或规避其影响,但随着风险的不确定性和不可预测性的增加,灾害难以完全避免。源自自然生态学的韧性理论在承认灾害不可避免的前提下强调对灾害冲击的吸收、适应和转变,关注系统自身的能力建设和功能维持。韧性基础设施是指能够吸收灾害冲击并通过对灾害的适应和转变来维持或尽快恢复基本功能的基础设施工程。通过把缓冲性、多功能性、多样性、冗余性和自适应性等韧性策略应用于基础设施工程的规划、设计和建造实践,可以建设韧性基础设施、增强基础设施工程的韧性,进而保障城市的运行安全。

Infrastructure is the material basis for the safe operation and sustainable development of cities.With the expansion of urban area and the increase of risk,urban infrastructure is facing more disaster threats.The traditional protection strategy emphasizes on preventing the occurrence or preempt the impact of disasters,but with the increase of uncertainty and unpredictability of risks,it is difficult to completely preempt disasters.Taking into account the above-mentioned fact,the resilience theory originated from natural ecology emphasizes the absorption,adaptation and transformation of disaster impact,and pays attention to the capacity-building and function maintenance of the system.Resilient infrastructure refers to infrastructure projects that can absorb the impact of disasters and maintain or restore basic functions as soon as possible through adaptation and transformation of disasters.By applying resilience strategies such as buffering,multi-function,diversity,redundancy and adaptability to the planning,design and construction of infrastructure projects,we can build resilient infrastructure,enhance the resilience of infrastructure projects,and ensure urban security.