小人物背后的大历史——十九世纪以降王芬历史形象的塑造与演变

The Macro-history Behind the Micro-people——The Shaping and Evolution of Wang Fen's Historical Image Since the 19th Century

历史人物的评判与对其形象的塑造,在不同时期的社会政治环境中会呈现不同的面貌。王芬是林爽文事件中的第二号人物,在清代官方历史的书写中,王芬以“从逆匪徒”“首恶渠魁”的形象出现。台湾光复之后,国民党为巩固中华民国的正统地位,凝聚台湾民众的中华民族精神,从官方到民间都一概将王芬等民变首领塑造成了“反清复明”的“民族英雄”。1978年台湾“解严”之后,社会意识形态领域的变动反映在了历史叙事当中,王芬从“中华民族”的“民族英雄”蜕变成了“台湾民族”的“民族英雄”。王芬形象的多元变化可以折射出历史人物书写背后不同的时代烙印,但还原真相才是中国大历史要解决的根本问题。

The evaluation of historical figures and the shaping of their images will present different features in different periods of social and political environment.Wang Fen is the second figure in the Lin Shuangwen Incident.In the official history of the Qing Dynasty,Wang Fen appeared as“the rebellious bandit”and“the rebel leader”.After the Retrocession Day,in order to consolidate the orthodox position of the Republic of China and to condense the Chinese national spirit of the pepole in Taiwan,the KMT moulded Wang Fen as well as other leaders of the civil revolt into“national heroes”devoting“rebelling Qing dynasty and rebuilding Ming dynasty”not only in the official but also among the people.After the lifting of martial law in Taiwan in 1978,the changes in the field of social ideology were reflected in the historical narrative.Wang Fen transformed from a“national hero”of the“Chinese nation”into a“national hero”of the“Taiwan nation.”The multiple changes of Wang Fen's images can reflect the different times brands behind the historical figures writing,but restoring the truth is the fundamental problem to be solved by Chinese macro-history.