2019年陕西省铜川市居民碘营养监测结果分析

Analysis of iodine nutrition monitoring results of residents in Tongchuan City,Shaanxi Province in 2019

目的掌握陕西省铜川市居民碘营养现状,为相关部门政策调整提供依据。方法2019年,采用横断面调查法,在铜川市4个区(县)按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区,每个片区抽取1个乡镇(街道,至少包括1个街道),每个乡镇(街道)抽取1所小学校,每所小学抽取8~10岁非寄宿学生42人,同时每个乡镇(街道)抽取21名孕妇作为调查对象。采集调查对象家中食用盐盐样随意1次尿样,进行盐碘和尿碘监测,并对学生进行甲状腺检查。结果共采集食用盐盐样1260份,其中非碘盐2份,合格碘盐1240份;盐碘中位数为24.32 mg/kg;碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率分别为99.84%(1258/1260)、98.57%(1240/1258)和98.41%(1240/1260)。共采集学生尿样840份,尿碘中位数为196.19μg/L。8、9、10岁学生尿碘中位数分别为182.59、222.16、190.36μg/L;男、女学生尿碘中位数分别为211.27、186.76μg/L。检测学生甲状腺840人,B超法甲状腺肿大率为1.79%(15/840)。共检测孕妇尿样420份,尿碘中位数为155.05μg/L。孕早、中、晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别为166.79、176.11、129.82μg/L,不同孕期孕妇尿碘含量比较,差异有统计学意义(H=9.317,P<0.05)。结论铜川市居民碘营养水平总体适宜,孕妇在孕晚期有碘营养不足的表现,应加强孕妇碘营养的监测,坚持分类指导、科学补碘,保证孕妇群体碘营养水平的适宜。

Objective To master the current status of iodine nutrition of residents in Tongchuan City and provide basis for policy adjustment of relevant department.Methods In 2019,the cross-sectional survey method was used to divide 5 sampling areas in the 4 districts(counties)of Tongchuan City according to the east,west,south,north,and middle,and each area sampled 1 township(street,including at least 1 street),each township(street)selected one elementary school,each elementary school selected 42 non-boarding students aged 8-10,and each township(street)selected 21 pregnant women as the survey subjects.Home salt samples and urine samples were collected,salt iodine and urinary iodine were monitored,and thyroid examinations were performed on students.Results A total of 1260 salt samples were collected,including 2 non-iodized salt and 1240 qualified iodized salt;the median salt iodine was 24.32 mg/kg;the coverage rate of iodized salt,the qualified rate of iodized salt,and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt were 99.84%(1258/1260),98.57%(1240/1258)and 98.41%(1240/1260),respectively.A total of 840 urine samples were collected from students,the median urinary iodine was 196.19μg/L.The medians urinary iodine of students aged 8,9,and 10 were 182.59,222.16,and 190.36μg/L,respectively.The median urinary iodine of male and female students were 211.27 and 186.76μg/L.A total of 840 students were tested for thyroid,thyroid rate was 1.79%(15/840)by B-ultrasound.A total of 420 urine samples were tested of pregnant women.The median urinary iodine was 155.05μg/L.The medians urinary iodine of pregnant women in the first,second and third trimester of pregnancy were 166.79,176.11 and 129.82μg/L,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in urine iodine content of pregnant women in different pregnancy periods(H=9.317,P<0.05).Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of residents in Tongchuan City is generally suitable.Pregnant women's urinary iodine shows iodine deficiency in the third trimester.Monitoring of iodine nutrition of pregnant women should be strengthened,classified guidance and scientific iodine supplementation should be adhered,to ensure the appropriate level of iodine nutrition for pregnant women.