移植与调适:中国近代特殊教育政策的制度化困境

Induction and Adjustment:The Dilemma of the Institutionalization of Special Education Policies in Modern China

移植于西方的中国近代特殊教育在其制度化进程中呈现出超常规发展的态势,并进而初步建立了其基本的制度框架,为此后的发展奠定了重要基础。但是,当时政府在推动政策落地的举措方面明显滞后于制度建设,反映了中国近代特殊教育制度化的艰难处境,也凸显了外生制度在与中国国情的调适与磨合时遭遇的困境。1949年以后,我国政府对既有体系进行根本性改造并逐步形成了具有中国特色的特殊教育制度体系。

Modern Chinese special education,introduced from the west,has shown a trend of extraordinary development in the process of its institutionalization,and its institutional framework has been initially established,laying an important foundation for its later development.However,the measures taken by the government to promote the implementation of the policies were obviously lagged behind the system construction,which reflected the difficult situation of the institutionalization of modern Chinese special education,and also highlighted the difficulties of foreign institution in the adjustment and adaptation to China's national conditions.After 1949,the Chinese government made a fundamental transformation on the existed system and gradually formed a special education system with Chinese characteristics.