国家治理中的过度数据化:风险与因应之道

Excessive Data in National Governance:Risks and Countermeasures

大数据作为国家治理的技术之维具有双重属性。大数据推动了国家治理由粗放型向精细化、封闭型向开放型、风险隐蔽向风险防范、经验决策向智慧决策转型。治理过程中过度数据化给国家治理带来挑战,数据过度搜集与挖掘、过度解读与主观偏差、过度信仰与依赖及过度弥散与渗透等过度数据化,诱发数据信息安全、大数据赛维坦、数字鸿沟及个体权利选择与自由意志的被剥夺。面对无所不能却无法抗拒的大数据赛维坦,要将道德规范与法律规则内嵌于大数据运用,完善责任与自由并举的信息管理,平衡数据工具理性与数据价值理性的内在张力,提倡知识精英与草根阶层的数据平权,方能走出过度数据化的泥沼。

As the technical dimension of national governance,big data has dual attributes.Big data promotes the transformation of national governance from extensive to refined,from closed to open,from risk concealment to risk prevention,and from empirical decision-making to intelligent decision-making.Excessive data in the process of governance brings challenges to national governance.Excessive data collection and mining,over interpretation and subjective deviation,excessive belief and dependence,excessive dispersion and penetration,etc.lead to information security,big data severtan,digital divide and deprivation of individual rights and free will.Facing the omnipotent but irresistible big data severtan,we should embed moral norms and legal rules into the application of big data,improve the information management of responsibility and freedom,balance the relationship between the rationality of data tools and the rationality of data value,and advocate the equal right of data between the intellectual elite and the grassroots class.