离心运动神经控制的研究进展

Advance in Neural Control in Eccentric Exercise(review)

神经系统对离心运动采取了独特的控制机制。离心运动过程中,皮质兴奋性增加,皮质内抑制减小,脊髓兴奋性下降。增加的皮质兴奋性对脊髓抑制存在下行补偿作用,最终皮质脊髓通路的兴奋性取决于脊髓水平兴奋与抑制的平衡,通常表现为降低。收缩强度等诸多因素能影响脊髓水平的兴奋-抑制平衡。离心运动具有显著的交叉作用,能更大程度调节未训练肢体的皮质脊髓兴奋性。肌肉长度、疲劳程度、训练持续时间等因素的影响和机制还不明确,目前研究均在健康人中开展,离心运动训练的治疗效果及其机制有待研究。

The nervous system controls eccentric exercise in a special way.During eccentric exercise,excitability increases in cortex,and inhibition decreases,causing excitability decrease in spinal cords.In another hand,increased cortical excitability results in extra excitatory compensation for spinal inhibition.The excitability of the corticospinal pathway depends on the balance between excitability and inhibition of the spinal cord level finally,which usually decreases.Many factors,such as the intensity of contraction,can affect the balance of corticospinal excitability.There is a cross-over effect in eccentric exercise,which promotes corticospinal excitability in untrained limbs.However,the effects and mechanisms of muscle length,fatigue and training duration are still unclear,and current researches have focused in the healthy populations.More researches are needed to explore the effects of eccentric exercise on ill populations.