我国优秀皮划艇激流回旋运动员体能诊断与训练对策研究

Examining Physical Fitness and Training Strategies for Chinese Elite Canoe Slalom Athletes

以中国皮划艇激流回旋队9名国际健将级运动员为研究对象,对其最大摄氧量、心率、乳酸、卧推与卧拉的最大力量(1RM)及力量耐力(40%1RM,120 s)、静水300 m直线速度、静水8 km长划等指标进行测试,采用SPSS25.0对测试结果进行描述统计,并与世界优秀选手相关体能指标进行比较,诊断我国优秀激流回旋运动员体能问题,并提出相应训练对策。结果表明,我国优秀激流回旋运动员有氧能力、专项力量、基础速度与专项速度不同程度落后于国际优秀选手。为提升我国优秀激流回旋运动员体能水平,建议采用水上与陆上相结合的有氧训练方法发展运动员有氧能力,提高全年有氧训练比例,科学安排有氧训练的负荷量与强度;采用陆上基础力量训练发展运动员上肢爆发力、力量耐力与躯干稳定性力量,采用水上专项力量训练发展运动员划桨的峰值桨力与功率;既要重视运动员静水划船的基础速度,也要强化其高强度、高速度的激流专项竞速能力。

Nine elite canoe slalom players were recruited from the Chinese national team.The tests included maximum oxygen uptake,heart rate and blood lactate,bench push and bench pull for maximum strength(1RM),endurance strength(40%1RM for 120 seconds)and 300m race in flat water.Descriptive statistics were calculated and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 in order to analyze the physical fitness of the Chinese excellent slalom kayakers and proposed corresponding training protocol.The results showed that the aerobic capacity,specific strength,basic and special rowing speed of the Chinese elite players statistically fell behind of those of the world top kayakers.In order to be competitive at the world top level race,the percentage of aerobic training for elite canoe slalom athletes throughout the year should be increased.A combination of water and land aerobic training should be adopted to enrich the methods and means of aerobic training,and arrange their load and intensity reasonably.In addition,basic strength training should be used to develop the athlete’s upper limb explosive force,strength endurance and trunk stability strength.Water strength training should be combined to enhance the peak force and power of athletes’paddling.Both the basic speed of rowing in flat water,high intensity and high speed full run racing ability should be emphasized.