高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染妇女宫颈癌病变认知程度及接种人乳头瘤病毒疫苗预防效果研究

Cognitive Impairment of Cervical Cancer Lesions in Women with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Prevention

目的调查了解高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染妇女对宫颈癌病变的认知程度,并探讨接种人乳头瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)疫苗的预防效果。方法选取佛山市南海区第四人民医院2019年1月至2020年6月妇科门诊接受宫颈癌筛查的100例高危型HPV感染妇女作为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷调查高危型HPV感染妇女对宫颈癌病变基础知识的认知情况、宫颈癌的自我防护措施认知情况。根据高危型HPV感染妇女是否接种HPV疫苗,将其分为接种组与未接种组,比较两组的宫颈上皮内瘤变发生情况。结果高危型HPV感染妇女对HPV检查方法、HPV感染危险因素、HPV感染传播途径、HPV感染与阴道病变相关性、HPV感染与宫颈癌相关性的知晓率为81.00%、73.00%、82.00%、49.00%、87.00%,对坚持运动锻炼、性生活保护措施、按时复查HPV的知晓率分别为42.00%、45.00%、57.00%。接种组的宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级发生率、CIN II级发生率均低于未接种组(P<0.05)。结论高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染妇女对宫颈癌病变的认知状况不容乐观,而接种HPV疫苗可有效降低宫颈上皮内瘤变风险。

Objective To investigate the extent to which women with high-risk HPV infection perceive cervical cancer lesions,and to explore the preventive effect of vaccination with human papilloma virus(HPV).Methods From January 2019 to June 2020,100 women with high-risk HPV infection who received cervical cancer screening in the gynecological outpatient department of the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanhai District of Foshan City were selected as the research objects.The self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the cognition of high-risk HPV infected women on the basic knowledge of cervical cancer lesions and the cognition of cervical cancer self-protection measures.According to whether the high-risk HPV infected women were vaccinated with HPV vaccine,they were divided into the vaccination group and the non vaccination group.The incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the two groups was compared.Results The awareness rates of high-risk HPV infected women about HPV examination methods,risk factors of HPV infection,transmission route of HPV infection,correlation between HPV infection and vaginal lesions,HPV infection and cervical cancer were 81.00%,73.00%,82.00%,49.00%and 87.00%,respectively.The awareness rates of insisting on exercise,sexual life protection measures and timely review of HPV were 42.00%,45.00%and 57.00%,respectively.The incidence of CIN I and CIN II in the vaccinated group were lower than those in the non vaccination group(P<0.05).Conclusion The awareness of cervical cancer in women with high-risk HPV infection is not optimistic,and HPV vaccination can effectively reduce the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.