女性劳动参与对生育水平的影响——基于孩次的验证

A Research on the Influence of Female Labor Participation on Fertility Levels:Verification Based on the Number of Children

低生育率会对我国的经济发展和社会结构产生冲击,找出影响我国生育水平的关键因素,为生育主体提供良好氛围和相关机制极其重要。以2016年中国金融家庭数据为基础,以每个家庭为单位,将家庭中不同孩次的相关情况加以区分,研究女性劳动参与对不同孩次生育率的影响,从而揭示女性“低生育之谜”。结合女性劳动参与和生育模型,采用二元变量模型分析女性劳动参与和生育的关系并验证其内生性。研究发现女性劳动参与对一孩和二孩生育率有显著负向影响,对家庭中孩子的数量也有显著的负面影响;相反,女性配偶的劳动参与对家庭中生育一孩和孩子数量有显著的正向影响。家庭和社会应当共同给予女性支持,分担女性的育儿负担,在政策层面上转移用人单位的用工负担,缓解女性面临的“工作-家庭”冲突,保障职业女性的权益,打造生育友好型社会。

Low fertility rate will have a serious impact on the economic and social structure of our country.It is very important to find out the key factors that affect the fertility level of our country and provide a good atmosphere and relevant mechanism for the fertility subjects.Based on the data of Chinese families’finance in 2016,and taking each family as a unit,relevant situations of different number of children in the family are differentiated to study the influence of female labor participation on different number of children,so as to provide an important path for the exploration of the mystery of low fertility.Combined with the female employment participation and fertility model,this paper uses the binary variable model to analyze the relationship between female labor participation and fertility and verify its possible endogenesis.The study finds that female labor participation has a significant negative impact on the fertility level of the first and second child.Female labor participation has a significant negative impact on the number of children in a family.On the contrary,the labor participation of husbands has a significant positive effect on the number of children.Families and society should jointly provide support strategies for women,share the burden of child-rearing for women,transfer the employment burden of employers at the policy level,alleviate the work-family conflicts faced by women,protect the rights and interests of professional women,and build a childbirth-friendly society.