人机协同化与学生发展核心素养——基于社会智能三维模型的分析

Social Human-Computer Cooperating and Students’ Development Core Competencies:An Analysis Based on the Social Intelligent Three-dimensional Model

人机协同系统正在全面渗入人类的工作与生活,社会正快速地人机协同化。在弱人工智能时代,人工智能没有“意向性”,但其智能程度在迭代进化中。人机协同系统存在人类与机器两类智能主体,以及人类智能、人工智能和协同智能三种智能元素,其中协同智能的主体是人类,人机协同系统的智能是分布式的。受国际关系“软”“硬”“巧”实力三分理论启示,本研究构建了人机协同时代社会智能的三维模型。“三维”指硬智能、软智能和巧智能,机器拥有更多硬智能,并向人类“学习”软智能,人类拥有更强的软智能和巧智能,并把更多的硬智能“让渡”给机器。基于社会的快速人机协同化,教育所培育的学生核心素养应以发展学生的软素养和巧素养为重点,在硬素养维度着力培育学生的计算思维。未来人机关系将决定个体的社会存在,因此强调以人机协同的价值观、意识、能力等为重点的巧素养培育具有前瞻性。

Human-Computer Collaborative System has been penetrating human’s work and life.Society is rapidly human-computer cooperating.While artificial intelligence has no intentionality in the weak AI era,its intelligence level is evolving iteratively.In a human-computer collaborative system,there are two kinds of intelligent agents:human and machine,and three types of intelligent elements:human intelligence,artificial intelligence,and collaborative intelligence.The subject of collaborative intelligence is human,but the intelligence of a human-machine collaborative system is distributed.Inspired by the Three-part Theory of Soft,Hard,and Smart Power in international relations,a three-dimensional social intelligence model in the era of human-computer cooperation can be constructed.The three dimensions include hard intelligence(the ability to deal with data-based and structured problems),soft intelligence(“relationship ability”and innovation ability),and smart intelligence(human-computer cooperation value,consciousness,ability,and reflection).With more hard intelligence,machines are“learning”soft intelligence from humans who perform better in soft and smart intelligence and are“handing over”more hard intelligence to machines.The educational practice in the era of human-computer cooperation should focus on developing students’soft and smart competencies and cultivate students’computational thinking in the hard competencies.In the future,the human-computer relationship will determine the social existing of individuals;therefore,it is forward-looking to emphasize cultivating smart qualities such as the values,consciousness,and ability of human-computer cooperation.