肝硬化的定义、病因及流行病学

Definition, etiology, and epidemiology of liver cirrhosis

肝硬化是全球肝脏相关死亡的主要原因,最常见的原因是慢性乙型和丙型肝炎、酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病。近年研究显示,世界范围内,肝硬化死亡人数增加,但年龄标准化死亡率降低;失代偿期肝硬化的年龄标准化患病率显著增加。我国肝硬化患病人数、患病率、死亡人数和死亡率均有所增加,但是年龄标准化的患病率和死亡率均有所降低;主要病因仍为慢性乙型肝炎,但酒精性及非酒精性脂肪性肝病所致肝硬化比例也逐渐增加。

Liver cirrhosis is the leading cause of liver-related death globally,and the most common causes of liver cirrhosis are chronic hepatitis B and C,alcoholic liver disease,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Recent studies have shown that despite an increase in the number of deaths due to liver cirrhosis around the world,there is a reduction in age-standardized death.In China,there are increases in number of patients with liver cirrhosis,prevalence rate of liver cirrhosis,number of deaths due to liver cirrhosis,and mortality rate of liver cirrhosis,while there are reductions in age-standardized prevalence rate and mortality rate;chronic hepatitis B remains the main cause of liver cirrhosis,with a gradual increase in the proportion of liver cirrhosis cases caused by alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.