黄河流域农业用水效率测度及其节水潜力分析

Measurement of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency and Its Water Saving Potential in the Yellow River Basin

评估黄河流域农业用水效率和节水潜力,有助于推进黄河流域农业水资源集约化利用。基于超效率SBM模型,在全国视角下测度分析2008-2018年黄河流域9省的农业用水效率及其分解,在此基础上深入分析流域各省的农业节水潜力。结果表明:黄河流域农业用水效率较低,与长江经济带和全国平均水平有较大差距。黄河流域农业用水规模效率接近最优水平,纯技术效率低是黄河流域农业用水效率较低的主要动因。黄河流域农业用水效率的省际差异显著,农业用水效率较高的省份受纯技术效率影响较大,而农业用水效率较低的省份受规模效率影响较大。宁夏、甘肃、内蒙古和山西4省的农业可节水比例都超过了40%,节水潜力巨大。黄河流域及其各省需从全流域的层面健全农业水资源利用的监测、协调和优化机制,同时从节水技术、节水意识和水价机制等角度因地制宜地调整节水措施,提高流域各省农业节水潜力。

The assessment of agricultural water use efficiency and water saving potential in the Yellow River Basin is helpful to promote the intensive utilization of agricultural water resources in the Yellow River Basin.Based on the super efficiency SBM model,the agricultural water use efficiency and its decomposition of 9 provinces in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed from the national perspective.The results show that the efficiency of agricultural water use in the Yellow River Basin is low,and there is a big gap with the Yangtze River economic belt and the national average level;The scale efficiency of agricultural water use in the Yellow River Basin is close to the optimal level,and the low pure technical efficiency is the main cause of low agricultural water use efficiency;The agricultural water use efficiency of the Yellow River Basin varies significantly among provinces;The provinces with higher agricultural water use efficiency are more affected by pure technical efficiency,while the provinces with lower agricultural water use efficiency are more affected by scale efficiency;The 4 provinces of Ningxia,Gansu,Inner Mongolia and Shanxi,all have great potential for water saving of more than 40%of agricultural water.The Yellow River Basin and its provinces need to improve the monitoring,coordination and optimization mechanism of agricultural water resources utilization from the whole basin level,and adjust water-saving measures according to local conditions from the perspectives of water-saving technology,water-saving awareness and water price mechanism,so as to improve the agricultural water-saving potential of all provinces in the Yellow River Basin.