微小型五轴数控机床的研制

Development of a Micro Five-axis Machine Tool

为了满足微小复杂结构件的加工需要和机床误差补偿技术的研究,研制了一台微小型五轴数控机床实验平台,本体尺寸为580 mm×450 mm×570 mm。机床实验平台为卧式双转台结构,布局紧凑,空间利用率高,各轴采用了直线电机、直驱马达、丝杠滑台驱动方式。分析了机床的主要薄弱环节,并进行了受力分析和优化设计,仿真结果表明机床变形量由原来的69.323μm减小为2.686μm,得到了显著的改善。对机床进行了模态仿真,分析机床前四阶振型变形规律,为机床弱刚度变形误差补偿提供了参考依据。对加工刀路进行了规划和模拟,完成了铝合金棒料的加工实验。实验结果表明机床具有较好的加工能力,并验证了加工刀路规划的正确性。

In order to perform machining of micro complex structure and error compensation of machine,a five-axis micro machine tool was developed,which is in size of 580 mm×450 mm×570 mm.The machine tool has a double turntable structure.And its five axis are driven by linear motor,direct drive motor and lead screw slide respectively.The main weakness of the machine tool is found through stress analysis.Then,optimization design are carried out to reduce deformation.Simulation results show that deformation of the machine tool is reduced sharply from 69.323μm to 2.686μm.Modal simulation of the machine tool is also carried out,and the deformation law of each vibration mode is analyzed.Tool path is planned and simulated,and the machining experiment of aluminum alloy bar is completed for error compensation.Experimental results show that the machine tool is capable of aluminum alloy machining,and verify the correctness of machining tool path planning.