中药附子的毒理学安全性研究进展

Advances in toxicological security of FUZI one of the Chinese traditional medicinal crops

附子及其炮制品作为中药材在我国被广泛使用,但中毒事件时有发生。基于安全性的考虑,有必要对附子进行健康危害评估。本文基于系统文献检索(Systematic Literature Searches,SLS)方法,收集附子及其炮制品的有效毒理学数据,开展其危害评估。结果显示,附子成分在动物及人体内吸收入血快,各脏器组织分布广泛,其中肝和肺含量最高,尿液为主要排泄途径。附子ICR小鼠经口LD50在7.15~22.862 g生药/kg·bw,亚急性、亚慢性和慢性毒性动物实验显示,心脏和神经系统是附子及其炮制品毒性效应的主要靶器官,此外附子还具有肝、肾毒性,长期服用可能引起代谢紊乱和内分泌功能失调。大剂量附子具有一定的生殖发育毒性。目前尚无证据表明其具有遗传毒性及致突变性。

As Chinese traditional medicinal crops, FUZI and its processed products are widely used in our country. But poisoning incidents are common. Based on the consideration of security, it’s necessary to conduct hazard assessment of FUZI. Based on Systematic Literature Searches(SLS), FUZI and its processed products’ effective toxicological datum were completed. The hazard assessment objects were FUZI and its processed products. The result show that FUZI′s components were quickly absorb into blood in animals and human body;FUZI widely distributed in various organs and tissues, especially in liver and lung. Urine is the main excretion way of FUZI. Oral LD50 of FUZI in ICR mice was between 7.15 and 22.862 g crude drug/kg·bw.Subacute,subchronic and chronic toxicity animal experiments showed that heart and nervous system were the main target organs of the toxic effects of FUZI and its processed products. In addition, FUZI had certain liver and kidney toxicity.Long term use may also cause metabolic disorders and endocrine dysfunction. Large dose of FUZI had certain reproductive and developmental toxicity. But there was no evidence of genotoxicity and mutagenicity.