高水平开放下我国粮食安全的非传统挑战及政策转型

Emerging Challenges and Coping Strategies in China's Food Security under the High-level Opening Up

当前我国粮食安全已经迈入新的发展阶段,一方面国内的粮食安全保障程度处于历史最佳时期,另一方面农业对外开放也处于全球领先水平,国际粮食市场日益成为保障国内粮食供应的重要组成部分,但同时也为维护国家粮食安全带来了一系列前所未有的非传统压力和挑战,包括以高产量、高进口、高库存为代表的过度进口冲击粮食自给率的“想挡挡不住”、粮食生产国内支持政策与WTO国际规则存在一致性纷争的“想做不能做”、世界市场风险与贸易动荡加剧国际粮源不确定性的“想进有风险”,以及在全球粮食安全治理体系中的作用仍待加强的“想为难作为”。在新一轮高水平开放下,亟需转型思维、构建“三元平衡”的开放型国家粮食安全战略保障体系,积极推动我国粮食安全目标由产量导向向竞争力导向转型,农业国内支持政策设计由国内外分轨向内外对接转型,外部粮食市场与资源利用由单方自主开合向主动风险管控转型,主动参与全球粮食安全治理与制度变革,全面升级对内与对外的粮食安全治理能力。

With the deepening openness of China’s agricultural sector to the world market,the international grain market has become an increasingly important part of China’s food supply,but also brought a series of unprecedented non-traditional pressures and challenges to maintain national food security.In the new round of high-level opening-up stage,it’s essential to break through the traditional food security thinking that domestic production and demand are the main factors,while trade is merely an auxiliary adjustment item,and build up a triple balance paradigm consisted by "production-consumption-trade" as well as an open national food security strategic security system.Under the policy orientation of "based at home and moderately importing",it’s anticipated that China’s food security goal should shift from output-oriented to competitiveness-oriented,agricultural domestic support policy design should shift from decoupling to decouple with the international rules,and utilization of the international grain markets and resources should shift from passive resistance strategy to positive risk management and control,so as to comprehensively upgrade the country’s internal and external food security governance capacity under the high-level opening-up.