后疫情时代保障粮食安全的政策取向与策略选择

Policy Orientation and Strategy Choice of Ensuring Food Security in Post-pandemic Era

粮食安全问题关系国计民生。新冠肺炎疫情爆发后不仅暴露出国内现行粮食稳供保障机制和调控体系的短板与不足,也让政府在防范市场风险、化解生产隐患和保证市场供给方面遇到重大挑战。在全球疫情大流行和全球粮食危机大概率爆发的背景下,保障粮食安全问题更是值得关注。本文首先从供求、价格、种植、进出口等四个层次全面分析疫情对粮食市场的影响,由此具体探讨后疫情时代国内粮食市场特征,主要表现为粮食总产量变化平稳、粮价持续上涨压力凸显、进出口贸易环境复杂;在此基础上,从供应、流通、服务和监管环节提出后疫情时代保障粮食安全的政策取向,并进一步反思保障国家粮食安全的中长期策略选择。

Food security concerns national economy and people's life.The outbreak of COVID-19 not only exposed the deficiency of current domestic guarantee mechanism and regulation system for grain stability,but also showed a huge challenge for the government to prevent market risks,dissolve the hidden dangers and guarantee the market supply.Obviously,protecting the food security is worthy of attention,especially under the background of the outbreak of COVID-19 in the global market and the high probability of global food crisis.In this paper,we firstly analyze the influence of COVID-19 on the food markets from supply and demand,price,planting,import and export.Then,we explore the characteristics of the domestic food market after COVID-19,and find the total grain output is stable,the pressure of rising food price is prominent,and trade environment is complicated.Based on this,we put forward some measures to ensure the food safety in the post-epidemic era from supply,circulation,services and regulation,and reflect on the medium and long-term strategies to ensure national food security.