“三权分置”视域下宅基地使用权抵押研究

Study on the Mortgage Right of Rural Homestead under the Perspective of“Three Rights Separation”System

2018年“中央1号文件”明确提出了宅基地“三权分置”的构想,打破了我国长期以来宅基地所有权和使用权两权并存的二元结构。“三权分置”视域下,宅基地使用权中与身份紧密相连的权利要素被剥离,并就此形成宅基地资格权。与身份相关的权利要素被剥离后,宅基地使用权的财产属性更加凸显。宅基地“三权分置”的提出,为宅基地使用权抵押制度的建构奠定了基础。宅基地使用权抵押包含宅基地使用权抵押和农民住房及其他土地附着物抵押。宅基地使用权确权登记是该制度建构的前提。宅基地使用权用于抵押登记时应采用“登记生效”主义,并遵循“房地一体”原则。宅基地使用权抵押权实现时,折价、拍卖、变卖等方式均适用,且受让人范围不应限于本集体经济组织内成员,但本集体经济组织内成员享有优先权。

In 2018,the idea that tripartite entitlement system rural of rural homestead was put faward in the No1 Central Document,which breaks the structure of two rights separation,that is the land ownership and the use right.Under the perspective of tripartite entitlement system,the right of authorship which exist in the use right is separated out,and formed the right of qualification.After stripping the right of use has more obvious characteristics of property.Putting forward tripartite entitlement system laid a solid foundation for the mortgage right of rural homestead,which contains two sections,namely the mortgage right of rural homestead and housing and ancillary buildings.Clearing right ownership is the precondition of system construction.The Mortgage of housing land use right registration should adopt the principle of effective registration,and abide by the principle of building and land unified.When the mortgage of housing land use right implementation,three ways can be used,namely discount,auction and sell.The assignee range should not be limited to the collective members,but they have priority.