耕作地表空间点阵测量评价系统的建立与田间试验

The Establishment of a Evaluation System Based on Spatial Array Measurement and Its Field Test

耕作地表三维形貌是土壤灌溉、土壤含水量、土壤风蚀等研究的主要因素之一,其对田间农业机械作业质量与作业效率有着非常重要的影响。为此,根据激光测距技术中的相位法测量原理,在自行研制非接触式测量试验台的基础上创建了空间点阵测量评价系统,实现了空间地表三维形貌的测量。经过田间4种耕作地表的测量试验与数据分析,结果表明:系统可以成功提取耕作地表三维粗糙度及基准面,能够计算得到耕作土壤三维地表粗糙度参数Sa、Sq、Ssk、Sku,进而准确高效地获得田间耕作土壤地表的三维形貌,并实时显示测量数据、耕作土壤地表微观形貌曲线及三维形貌图,可为耕作土壤地表三维形貌的理论分析与评价提供有效的支持。

Three-dimensional surface topography of cultivated soil is not only an important factor in the research of soil irrigation,soil moisture content,soil erosion,but also has a great impact on the work quality and efficiency of agricultural machinery in the field.A evaluation system based on spatial array measurement was established on the basis of the non-contact measuring device which was designed according to the principle of phase measurement in laser ranging technology,then the three-dimensional surface topography of cultivated soil was measured.The measurement tests were accomplished in 4 types of cultivated soil surface topographies,and three-dimensional surface topography images and evaluation parameters were obtained,such as Sa,Sq,Ssk,Sku.As a result,the three-dimensional surface topography of cultivated soil was described accurately and intuitively by the measured data、curves and images,which would provide support for the theoretical analysis and evaluation of three-dimensional cultivated soil surface topography.