蔬菜种子精密播种装备研究进展与发展趋势

Research Progress and Development Trend of Precision Seeding Equipment for Vegetable Seeds

蔬菜已成为农业经济发展的支柱之一,当前种植仍以人工或半机械化为主,劳动强度大,生产成本高,已严重制约了蔬菜产业的发展,亟需发展蔬菜生产机械化。蔬菜品种繁多,种子形状、大小及形态差异较大,给蔬菜的机械化播种提出了较高的要求。为此,以白菜、菠菜等典型蔬菜为例分析了蔬菜种子特征及其播种农艺,指出蔬菜直播的难点所在。根据播种特点将蔬菜直播装备分为丸粒种子直播机、种绳直播机和气力式直播机3种,对各类型播种机的工作原理和作业特点进行了阐述和分析,进一步提出气力式蔬菜播种机的研究重点和发展趋势,为蔬菜机械化发展提供参考。

Vegetables have become one of the pillars of agricultural economic development.At present,vegetable planting is still dominated by manual or semi-mechanization,with high labor intensity and high production cost,which has seriously restricted the development of vegetable industry and urgently needs to develop vegetable production mechanization.As different vegetables have different seed shape and size,it is difficult for vegetable seeds to direct sowing.This paper taking typical vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and spinach as examples,analyzed the characteristics of vegetable seeds and their direct sowing techniques,and pointed out the difficulties of direct sowing.According to the characteristics of sowing,vegetables sowing equipment can be divided into three types:clothed seed planter,tape seed planter and pneumatic type planter The working principle and operation characteristics of each type of planter were elaborated and analyzed,and the pneumatic vegetables were further proposed.The research focus and development trend of the planter provide a reference for the mechanization of vegetables.