美国主导的国有企业国际造法:历史进程、核心内容及应对策略

The International Law-making Confining State-owned Enterprises Dominated by the United States:Historical Process,Core contents and Policy Suggestions

近年来,中国国有企业的发展壮大引发了美国对于国有企业在国际贸易投资领域跨境效应的关切。美国积极推动国有企业国际造法进程,试图为中国国有企业在国际市场的竞争行为设立新规则。本文通过梳理美国在区域及多边层面的立法行为,发现美国在各个国际平台推广的国有企业国际规则相互印证了美国一贯的立场和利益,从实体上和程序上框定了国有企业在补贴、商业化运营、透明度等方面的义务。在美国将中国视为战略竞争对手并进行打压的态势下,中国应做好在国际层面进行规则谈判博弈和在国内层面推动国有企业改革的两手应对准备。

In recent years,China’s increasingly developing and expanding state-owned enterprises have aroused concerns in the United States about their cross-border effects in terms of international trade and investment.The United States actively pushes international law-making processes to set up new rules confining the competition of China’s state-owned enterprises in the international market.This paper explores rules-making activities of the United States targeted at state-owned enterprises at regional and multilateral levels.Indisputably,the rules,introduced by the United States on various international platforms confining state-owned enterprises,correspond with each other and reflect its consistent viewpoints and interests.They impose substantial and procedural obligations on state-owned enterprises in terms of subsidies,commercial operation,transparency,and so on.Being regarded as a strategic competitor by the United States,China should prepare for two eventualities in response,namely,international rule negotiations and national reforms on state-owned enterprises.