朱熹“孝”论

On Zhu Xi’s Filial Piety

朱熹对孝的理解涉及孝的多层含义。对“为人子,止于孝”的强调集中体现了他从个人道德的角度来定位孝的基本立场,这是其孝思想的逻辑起点;基于以天理为最高概念的宇宙论和本体论对孝根原进行探寻,这是对孝德做出的哲学说明与论证;在仁与孝的关系上坚持仁体孝用观,揭示了孝之德的心性论基础;在孝行实践中重视孝心的重要性,为孝德的真正实现提供实际指导;从教育内容、方法和教材等方面来看,朱熹思想体系当中存在一个相对完整的孝道教育体系。朱熹“孝”论的这些内容比较具体地体现了朱子学作为新儒学的基本精神,在后世产生深远影响。

Zhu Xi’s understanding of filial piety(xiao孝)involves multiple meanings of filial piety.The emphasis on“being a son of man,ending in filial piety”(为人子,止于孝)embodies his basic position of positioning filial piety from the perspective of personal morality,which is the logical starting point of his theory of filial piety;The exploration of the origin of filial piety based on cosmology and ontology with the highest concept of heavenly principle is the philosophical explanation and demonstration of filial piety;In terms of the relationship between Ren(仁)and filial piety,we adhere to the concept of benevolence and filial piety,and reveal the mind-nature theory’s foundation of filial piety;In terms of the aspects of educational content,methods and teaching materials,there is a relatively complete education system of filial piety in Zhu Xi’s ideology.These contents of Zhu Xi’s theory of filial piety embody the basic spirit of Zhu Xi’s Neo Confucianism and have a profound influence on later generations.