南海文明视野下明清时期海南风候潮候观测

On the Observations of Hainan Winds and Tides in Ming and Qing Dynasties From the Perspective of South China Sea Civilization

海南人民开始对本地的风候潮候进行观测记录,最早见于宋代的文献。至明清时期,这项科学工作在技术手段和经验积累上已经趋于成熟,在各地方志书中记录风候潮候已经成为常态,这与海南渔业经济在明清时期得到发展息息相关的。明清时期海南有关风候潮候的观测记录,是在漫长的历史长河中形成的具有很强的科学性的文明成果,并在实践中不断得到检验和完善。它来自人民,又服务于人民。它为文昌、乐会、会同、万州等海南岛东部沿海以耕海为生的渔民一代又一代地探索开辟走向西沙、中沙、南沙海域航路,以南海为基地进行生产劳动,续写开发南海的不朽篇章提供了必要的前提条件。明清时期海南有关风候潮候的观测与记录,代表了那个时代的文明成果,是南海文明的重要组成部分。

Hainan local people observation and record of the local winds and tides first appeared in the literature of Song Dynasty.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,such scientific work became mature in terms of technical means and experience accumulation,and recording winds and tides in local Chronicles became a common thing,which was closely related to Hainan’s development of fishery economy of that period.The observation records of winds and tides in Hainan during that period are scientific civilization achievements formed in the long history,which have been constantly tested and improved in practice.It comes from the people and serves the people.It provides a prerequisite for fishermen of Wenchang,Lehui,Huihe and Wanzhou and other eastern coastal areas of Hainan Island to explore and open up sea routes to Xisha,Zhongsha and Nansha sea areas,to carry out production and labor based on the South China Sea,and to continue to write an immortal chapter in the development of the South China Sea.The observation and record of winds and tides in Hainan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties represent the achievements of the civilization of that era and are an important part of the South China Sea civilization.