卡尔・波兰尼经济伦理思想的阐释与批判--以《大转型》为中心的探讨

The Interpretation and Criticism of Karl Polanyi' s Economic Ethics Thought--A Discussion Centered on “The Great Transformation”

卡尔•波兰尼的社会经济学著作《大转型》主要探讨经济与伦理的关系。在他看来,经济“嵌入”社会表明经济行为背后具有道德基础,而经济“脱嵌”于社会将诱发道德沦丧;“虚拟商品”将会剥离文化和道德所构建的保护层,因而是一种道德堕落;“双向运动”之市场化运动是极端人为性的、不道德的,而抵抗市场化的反向运动即社会的自我保护运动是自然的、道德的。波兰尼对“虚拟商品”的批判脱离了资本主义生产资料私有制,没有抓住“虚拟商品”不道德性的根源所在。他只看到“虚拟商品”的自利性而看不到利他性,这也不全面。他把“双向运动”中的市场化全部归结为人为性的、不道德的,这完全否定了在现代人类生活中具有基础性地位的经济增长,而他极为尊崇的作为反向运动表现形式的国家干预有可能形成集体控制,对经济自由和个体权利构成伤害。

The economic ethics thought in Karl Polanyi's social economics book,The Great Transformation,mainly discusses the relationship between economy and ethics.In his opinion,the“embedded”society of economy shows that there is a moral basis behind economic behavior,and the economic“de-embedded”in the society will induce moral decline.“Virtual goods”will deprive the layer of protection built by culture and morality,so it is a moral depravity.Market-oriented movement in“two-way movement”is extremely manmade and immoral,and the reverse movement that resists marketing,the self-protection movement of society,is natural and moral.Polanyi's criticism of “virtual goods”is divorced from the private ownership of capitalist means of production,and the root cause of the immorality of “ virtual goods”is not grasped.He only saw the self-interest of “ virtual goods”but not the altruism.He thought the market-oriented movement of the“twoway movement”was man-made and immoral.This completely negates the economic growth that has a fundamental position in modern human life.And the state intervention as a form of expression of reverse movement which he highly respected has the potential to form collective control,and damage economic freedom and individual rights.