个人数据治理模式的选择:个人、国家还是集体

Selection of Personal Data Governance Models:Individual,Nation or Collective

在数据时代,用户为了避免社会性死亡,常常不得不主动贡献数据,参与资本家的监控项目,成为“科技奴隶”。面对用户与公司之间所形成的不平等地位,个人式的数据治理模式只关注赋权,忽视数据治理的复杂性,从而面临着既无法在现行法学理论下明确数据权利的范畴,又无法避免用户权利难以实现的两难处境。国家式数据治理模式中的数字服务税和国有化方式在解决不平等的问题上具有片面性和间接性,而且还有使用户权益进一步受限的潜在风险。相比之下,集体式数据治理模式是较优的选择,其中,数据信托比数据工会更可取。数据信托通过自下而上的团体自治实现算法反制,能够有效应对数据经济中的不平等问题。

In the data age,in order to avoid social death,users either have to participate in capitalist surveillance projects and become a profit method for the data economy;or actively contribute data and become“techno-serf”.Faced with the inequality between users and companies,the individual data governance model only focuses on empowerment,ignoring the complexity of data governance,thus facing the dilemma that the scope of data rights cannot be determined under the current legal theory,and the user rights are difficult to realize.The digital service tax and nationalization methods in the national data governance model are one-sided and indirect in solving the problem of inequality,and there are potential risks that further restrict user rights.In contrast,the collective data governance model is a better choice,in which data Trusts are preferable to data labor union.Data Trusts implement algorithmic countermeasures through bottom-up group autonomy,which can effectively deal with inequality in the data economy.